![]() Another risk of eating soil is the ingestion of animal feces and accompanying parasites. In addition to poisoning, a much greater risk exists of gastrointestinal obstruction or tearing in the stomach. A similar risk exists from eating soil near roads that existed before the phase-out of tetraethyllead or that were sprayed with oil (to settle dust) contaminated by toxic PCBs or dioxin. Children eating painted plaster containing lead may develop brain damage from lead poisoning. Pica is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, and people who may have developmental disabilities such as autism. Stressors such as psychological trauma, maternal deprivation, family issues, parental neglect, pregnancy, and a disorganized family structure are risk factors for pica. Pica has been linked to other mental disorders. In addition, it can cause surgical emergencies to address intestinal obstructions, as well as more subtle symptoms such as nutritional deficiencies and parasitosis. Pica may lead to intoxication in children, which can result in an impairment of both physical and mental development. Īccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), pica as a standalone eating disorder must persist for more than one month at an age when eating such objects is considered developmentally inappropriate, not part of culturally sanctioned practice, and sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention. The term was drawn directly from the medieval Latin word for magpie, a bird subject to much folklore regarding its opportunistic feeding behaviors. The ingested or craved substance may be biological, natural or manmade. It can be a disorder in itself or medical phenomena. All of the commonly used design applications support both points and picas (and various other units), and it is easy to convert from one unit to another.Pica is the eating or craving of things that are not food. So which should you use? Unless your client or publication has a specific requirement, it is more a question of personal preference. For instance, the standard width for one column of text on a three-column grid on an 8.5" x 11" document is 14 picas and 4 points, or 14p4. Picas are designated with the letter p, such as 16p. They are commonly used when designing newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and ads. Picas are typically used to represent fixed horizontal measurements, most often column width. PicaĪ pica is a hair less than 1/6 inch, and contains 12 points. Points are routinely abbreviated as ‘pt’ typographers and typesetters have traditionally specified a given type setting as 12/16, to indicate 12 point type with 16 point leading. ![]() In some instances, points are also used to measure the width and depth of a column. Points are the measurement most commonly used in print to indicate the size of type, as well as the space between lines, referred to as line spacing or leading. For practical purposes, this is rounded up. To be extremely precise, 1 point is equal to. It’s simple to convert either measurement to the other unit. While their exact “sizes” have evolved slightly over the centuries, the following explanations clarify the current accepted definitions and representations. The two units of measurement most commonly used for typesetting and design are points and picas.
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